• Basic Plasma Diagnostics: Probes and Analyzers 

      Leal Quirós, Edbertho; González Lizardo, Ángel E. (Polytechnic University of Puerto Rico, 2008)
      What is plasma? Plasma is the fourth state of matter. Plasma are conductive assemblies of charged particles, neutrals and fields that exhibit collective effects. Plasma is profoundly influenced by the electrical interaction ...
    • Time Confinement Simulation of a Charged Particle in a Mirror Magnetic Field 

      Ávila O’Neill, Sara R. (Polytechnic University of Puerto Rico, 2016)
      Plasma is a state of matter formed of electrically charged particles. Those particles are greatly influenced by electromagnetic interactions, which have been abundantly studied since the 19 century. The Lorentz equation ...